國(guó)際海運(yùn)中的IMO(國(guó)際海事組織)是干嘛的?有的人(尤其是學(xué)生和老師)所了解的IMO,可能是指International Mathematical Olympiad,簡(jiǎn)稱IMO,即國(guó)際數(shù)學(xué)奧林匹克。國(guó)際數(shù)學(xué)奧林匹克是世界上規(guī)模和影響最大的中學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科競(jìng)賽活動(dòng)。
但是在國(guó)際物流和貨運(yùn)代理行業(yè),IMO指的是International Maritime organization,即“國(guó)際海事組織”。國(guó)際海事組織是聯(lián)合國(guó)下屬的一個(gè)專門機(jī)構(gòu),類似于國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸中的International Civil Aviation organization——國(guó)際民用航空組織,簡(jiǎn)稱民航組織(ICAO)。國(guó)際海事組織(IMO)主要負(fù)責(zé)海上航行安全和防止船舶造成海洋污染。IMO最早成立于1959年1月6日,原名“政府間海事協(xié)商組織”。1982年5月更名為國(guó)際海事組織,目前已有170多個(gè)正式成員。
國(guó)際海事組織(簡(jiǎn)稱IMO)宗旨是:促進(jìn)各國(guó)間的航運(yùn)技術(shù)合作,鼓勵(lì)各國(guó)在促進(jìn)海上安全,提高船舶航行效率,防止和控制船舶對(duì)海洋污染方面采取統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),處理有關(guān)的法律問(wèn)題。涉及到包括船舶設(shè)計(jì)、施工、設(shè)備、人員配備、操作和處理等方方面面,并確保這些方面的安全、環(huán)保、節(jié)能、安全。
國(guó)際海事組織官網(wǎng)(http://www.imo.org/)對(duì)IMO是這樣說(shuō)的:As a specialized agency of the United Nations, IMO is the global standard-setting authority for the safety, security and environmental performance of international shipping. Its main role is to create a regulatory framework for the shipping industry that is fair and effective, universally adopted and universally implemented.
維基百科(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization)對(duì)IMO的介紹是這樣的:The International Maritime organization (IMO), known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative organization (IMCO) until 1982, is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shipping. The IMO was established in Geneva in 1948[4] and came into force ten years later, meeting for the first time in 1959. Headquartered in London, United Kingdom, the IMO has 172 Member States and three Associate Members.
國(guó)際海事組織(IMO)的宗旨是“The IMO's primary purpose is to develop and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping and its remit today includes safety, environmental concerns, legal matters, technical co-operation, maritime security and the efficiency of shipping.”
作為貨代或貨主,如果貨是海運(yùn)到美國(guó)的,就有可能會(huì)在美國(guó)的ISF(10+2)申報(bào)信息中看到IMO NO.——國(guó)際航行的船舶一般會(huì)有一個(gè)國(guó)際海事組織指定的IMO No. 即船舶名稱代碼——相當(dāng)于這艘船舶在IMO注冊(cè)的一個(gè)身份標(biāo)識(shí)號(hào)碼。國(guó)際航行的每一條船都有自己的IMO number,以證明自己的身份。
注意,國(guó)際航運(yùn)相關(guān)的組織除了IMO之外,還有很多其他組織,如:國(guó)際海運(yùn)聯(lián)合會(huì)——International Shipping Federation, 簡(jiǎn)稱ISF;
國(guó)際航運(yùn)公會(huì)——International Chamber of Shipping, 簡(jiǎn)稱ICS;
國(guó)際船級(jí)社協(xié)會(huì)——International Association of Classification Societies,簡(jiǎn)稱IACS;
國(guó)際獨(dú)立油輪船東協(xié)會(huì)——International Association of Independent Tanker Owners, INTERTANKO, 簡(jiǎn)稱ITOA;
國(guó)際油輪船東防污染聯(lián)合會(huì)——The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation, 簡(jiǎn)稱ITOPF;
歐洲和日本國(guó)家船東協(xié)會(huì)委員會(huì)——Council of European and Japanese National Ship owners' Associations, 簡(jiǎn)稱CENSA;
國(guó)際海事衛(wèi)星組織——International Maritime Satellite organization,簡(jiǎn)稱INMARSAT;
波羅的海貿(mào)易海運(yùn)交易所——The Baltic Exchange ,簡(jiǎn)稱BE;
波羅的海和國(guó)際海事公會(huì)——Baltic and International Maritime Conference,簡(jiǎn)稱BIMCO;
國(guó)際貨物裝卸協(xié)調(diào)協(xié)會(huì)——International Cargo Handing Co-ordination Association,簡(jiǎn)稱ICHCA;
國(guó)際航標(biāo)協(xié)會(huì)——International Association of Lighthouse Authorities,簡(jiǎn)稱IALA;
救助協(xié)會(huì)——Salvage Association, 簡(jiǎn)稱SA;
保賠協(xié)會(huì)——Protection and Indemnity Associations, 簡(jiǎn)稱 P&I;
國(guó)際運(yùn)輸工人聯(lián)合會(huì)——International Transport Workers Federation, 簡(jiǎn)稱ITF;
……
注意區(qū)分。